Bipeds / humanoids

Humanoids here are legged bipeds with posture-dependent arm load. Unitree G1 is a biped — not the Galbot G1 wheeled robot. AgiBot X2 / X2 Ultra is a vendor product table; AgiBot A2 remains a Generation Robots reseller datasheet and is never mixed into the X2 columns. Fourier GR-2 uses the live product page plus a dated launch note; the Fourier 文档中心 GR-2 Introduction URL returned HTTP 404 from this checkout, so unpublished envelope, battery, and conflicting torque figures stay . Galbot ET1 is a biped with no public quantitative sheet and has no numeric column on this page.

Class definition

Walking robots (IFR type A2). Arm load is posture-dependent on every Unitree page; the table preserves rated versus peak values where the vendor states them. Dimensions and reach are normalized to millimetres.

Identity. Galbot G1 (wheeled dual-arm) ≠ Unitree G1 (biped). LATENT is a learned tennis system running on a 29-DoF Unitree G1 — research on this body, not a new humanoid model, and its results never enter a hardware table here. See research systems.

Unitree family — vendor pages

Prices exclude tax and shipping. Dimensions normalized to millimetres; every value is repeated per column rather than written as same. H1 and H1-2 are different robots. Battery, sensor, and DoF axes are one row each: a runtime cell never carries a pack spec, and a sensor cell names the sensor type. Runtime is the vendor’s bare “battery life” figure — no Unitree page states the duty cycle it was measured at, so the hours are not comparable across columns. The H1 / H1-2 page publishes per-limb DoF only and no whole-robot total; no total is derived for those two columns.

Sources: Unitree R1 [M1]; Unitree G1 [M2]; Unitree H1 / H1-2 [M3]; Unitree H2 [M4].
Metric R1 AIR R1 G1 G1 EDU H1 H1-2 H2
Price & warranty
List price$4,900 [M1]$5,900 [M1]$13.5k / ¥85k [M2]contact sales [M2]$29,900 [M4]
Warranty6 mo [M1]8 mo [M1]8 mo [M2]18 mo [M2]8 mo; EDU 12 mo [M4]
Envelope & mass
Standing (H × W × T)1230 × 357 × 190 mm [M1]1230 × 357 × 190 mm [M1]1320 × 450 × 200 mm [M2]1320 × 450 × 200 mm [M2](1520+285) × 570 × 220 mm [M3](1503+285) × 510 × 287 mm [M3]1820 × 456 × 218 mm [M4]
Folded690 × 450 × 300 mm [M2]690 × 450 × 300 mm [M2]
Mass (with battery)~27 kg [M1]~29 kg [M1]~35 kg [M2]~35 kg+ [M2]~47 kg [M3]~70 kg [M3]~70 kg [M4]
Degrees of freedom
Total DoF (vendor-listed)20 [M1]26 [M1]23 [M2]23–43 [M2]not listed as a total [M3]not listed as a total [M3]31 [M4]
Head / neck DoF2 [M1]2 [M4]
Waist DoF2 [M1]1 [M2]1; +2 optional [M2]published as a joint, not as a count [M3]3 [M4]
Arm DoF (per arm)4 [M1]5 [M1]5 [M2]5 [M2]4, expandable [M3]7 (shoulder ×3 + elbow + wrist ×3) [M3]7 [M4]
Leg DoF (per leg)6 [M1]6 [M1]6 [M2]6 [M2]5 (hip ×3 + knee + ankle) [M3]6 (hip ×3 + knee + ankle ×2) [M3]6 [M4]
Hand DoF (per hand)7 optional Dex3-1; +2 optional wrist [M2]optional hand; count not listed [M3]optional Dex5-1; count not listed [M3]EDU only: multiple models; count not listed [M4]
Arm load & torque
Arm load~2 kg [M1]~2 kg [M1]~2 kg [M2]~3 kg [M2]peak ~21 kg; rated ~7 kg [M3]peak ~15 kg; rated ~7 kg [M4]
Named-joint torqueknee 90 N·m [M2]knee 120 N·m [M2]knee ~360, hip ~220, ankle ~59, arm ~75 N·m [M3]knee ~360, hip ~220, waist ~220, ankle ~75×2 N·m [M3]arm 120, leg 360 N·m [M4]
Reach & speed
Calf + thigh length600 mm [M1]600 mm [M1]600 mm [M2]600 mm [M2]400 × 2 mm [M3]400 × 2 mm [M3]1045 mm [M4]
Arm length / spanforearm + upper arm 420 mm [M1]forearm + upper arm 420 mm [M1]span ~450 mm [M2]span ~450 mm [M2]total arm 338 × 2 mm [M3]total arm 685 mm [M3]forearm + upper arm 690 mm [M4]
Speed3.3 m/s (claimed record); potential >5 m/s [M3]<2 m/s [M3]
Compute & sensors
Compute8-core [M1]8-core [M1]8-core [M2]8-core; +opt Orin [M2]i5 + i7; opt Orin NX [M3]i5 + i7; up to 3× Orin NX [M3]i5; EDU + i7; opt Thor [M4]
3D LiDARequipped [M2]equipped [M2]equipped [M3]equipped [M3]
Depth cameraequipped [M2]equipped [M2]equipped [M3]equipped [M3]
RGB cameramonocular [M1]binocular [M1]humanoid binocular, wide FOV [M4]
Audio I/O4-mic array + speaker [M1]4-mic array + speaker [M1]4-mic array + 5 W speaker [M2]4-mic array + 5 W speaker [M2]array microphone + high-power speaker [M4]
WirelessWi-Fi 6, BT 5.2 [M1]Wi-Fi 6, BT 5.2 [M1]Wi-Fi 6, BT 5.2 [M2]Wi-Fi 6, BT 5.2 [M2]Wi-Fi 6, BT 5.2 [M4]
Battery
Packlithium, quick-release [M1]lithium, quick-release [M1]13-string (13S) lithium, quick-release [M2]13-string (13S) lithium, quick-release [M2]pack not named [M3]pack not named [M3]low-internal-resistance lithium, quick-release [M4]
Max voltage67.2 V [M3]67.2 V [M3]75.6 V [M4]
Capacity9000 mAh [M2]9000 mAh [M2]15 Ah [M3]15 Ah [M3]15 Ah [M4]
Energy0.864 kWh [M3]0.864 kWh [M3]0.972 kWh [M4]
Chargersupplied; rating not published [M1]supplied; rating not published [M1]54 V 5 A [M2]54 V 5 A [M2]supplied; rating not published [M4]
Runtime~1 h [M1]~1 h [M1]~2 h [M2]~2 h [M2]~3 h [M4]

H-series low-level sheet (joints)

Subsystem comparison for H1, H1-2, and H2. Named-joint torque is split rather than collapsed into one unlabeled value.

Sources: Unitree H1 / H1-2 [M3]; Unitree H2 [M4].
MetricH1H1-2H2
Height / mass~1800 mm / ~47 kg [M3]~1780 mm / ~70 kg [M3]1820 × 456 × 218 mm / ~70 kg [M4]
Envelope(1520+285) × 570 × 220 mm [M3](1503+285) × 510 × 287 mm [M3]1820 × 456 × 218 mm [M4]
Leg DoF5 (hip ×3 + knee + ankle) [M3]6 (hip ×3 + knee + ankle ×2) [M3]6 [M4]
Arm DoF4, expandable [M3]7 (shoulder ×3 + elbow + wrist ×3) [M3]7 [M4]
Waist / head[M3]waist within 27 total [M3]waist 3, head 2 [M4]
Total jointsnot listed as a single total [M3]not listed as a single total [M3]31 [M4]
Knee / hip / ankle torque~360 / ~220 / ~59 N·m [M3]knee ~360; waist ~220; ankle ~75×2 N·m [M3]leg max 360 N·m [M4]
Arm torque~75 N·m [M3]shoulder/elbow ~120; wrist ~30 N·m [M3]max 120 N·m [M4]
Arm loadpeak ~21 kg; rated ~7 kg [M3]peak ~15 kg; rated ~7 kg [M4]
Thigh+calf / arm length400×2 / 338×2 mm [M3]400×2 / 685 mm [M3]1045 / 690 mm [M4]
Speed3.3 m/s listed; potential >5 m/s [M3]<2 m/s [M3]
Battery15 Ah, 0.864 kWh, 67.2 V max [M3]15 Ah, 0.864 kWh, 67.2 V max [M3]15 Ah, 0.972 kWh, 75.6 V max, ~3 h [M4]
Sensors3D LiDAR + depth [M3]3D LiDAR + depth [M3]wide-FOV binocular [M4]
Computei5 + i7; opt Orin NX [M3]i5 + i7; up to 3× Orin NX [M3]i5; EDU + i7; opt Thor [M4]
Handoptional [M3]opt Dex5-1 or other [M3]EDU: multiple models [M4]

R1 / G1 low-level sheet (joints)

Same shape as the H-series sheet, for the two small Unitree bipeds. Joint travel is the vendor’s own range notation; the R1 and G1 pages use different arm definitions, so forearm + upper arm length and arm span stay on separate rows instead of being merged into one number. Galbot G1 is a different machine and is not on this table.

Sources: Unitree R1 [M1]; Unitree G1 [M2].
MetricR1 AIRR1G1G1 EDU
Envelope & mass
Standing (H × W × T)1230 × 357 × 190 mm [M1]1230 × 357 × 190 mm [M1]1320 × 450 × 200 mm [M2]1320 × 450 × 200 mm [M2]
Folded690 × 450 × 300 mm [M2]690 × 450 × 300 mm [M2]
Mass (with battery)~27 kg [M1]~29 kg [M1]~35 kg [M2]~35 kg+ [M2]
Joint counts
Leg DoF (per leg)6 [M1]6 [M1]6 [M2]6 [M2]
Arm DoF (per arm)4 [M1]5 [M1]5 [M2]5 [M2]
Waist DoF2 [M1]1 [M2]1; +2 optional [M2]
Head DoF2 [M1]
Hand DoF (per hand)7 optional Dex3-1 (thumb 3, index 2, middle 2); +2 optional wrist [M2]
Joint travel (vendor ranges)
Knee−10° to +139° [M1]−10° to +139° [M1]0° to 165° [M2]0° to 165° [M2]
HipY ±157°, P −168° to +146°, R −60° to +100° [M1]Y ±157°, P −168° to +146°, R −60° to +100° [M1]P ±154°, R −30° to +170°, Y ±158° [M2]P ±154°, R −30° to +170°, Y ±158° [M2]
WaistY ±150°, R ±30° [M1]Z ±155° [M2]Z ±155°, X ±30°, Y ±30° [M2]
WristP ±92.5°, Y ±92.5° [M2]
Torque, load, link length
Named-joint torqueknee 90 N·m [M2]knee 120 N·m [M2]
Arm load~2 kg [M1]~2 kg [M1]~2 kg [M2]~3 kg [M2]
Calf + thigh length600 mm [M1]600 mm [M1]600 mm [M2]600 mm [M2]
Forearm + upper arm length420 mm [M1]420 mm [M1]
Arm span~450 mm [M2]~450 mm [M2]
Actuation & thermal
Joint output bearingcrossed roller + double hook ball [M1]crossed roller + double hook ball [M1]industrial crossed roller [M2]industrial crossed roller [M2]
Joint motorlow-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM [M1]low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM [M1]low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM [M2]low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM [M2]
Joint encoderdual + single [M1]dual + single [M1]dual [M2]dual [M2]
Electrical routinghollow + internal [M1]hollow + internal [M1]full-joint hollow [M2]full-joint hollow [M2]
Coolinglocal air cooling [M1]local air cooling [M1]local air cooling [M2]local air cooling [M2]
Battery
Packlithium, quick-release [M1]lithium, quick-release [M1]13-string (13S) lithium, quick-release [M2]13-string (13S) lithium, quick-release [M2]
Capacity9000 mAh [M2]9000 mAh [M2]
Chargersupplied; rating not published [M1]supplied; rating not published [M1]54 V 5 A [M2]54 V 5 A [M2]
Runtime~1 h [M1]~1 h [M1]~2 h [M2]~2 h [M2]
Compute, sensing, development
Compute8-core [M1]8-core [M1]8-core [M2]8-core; +opt Orin [M2]
3D LiDARequipped [M2]equipped [M2]
Depth cameraequipped [M2]equipped [M2]
RGB cameramonocular [M1]binocular [M1]
Secondary developmentnot offered on this SKU [M1]not offered on this SKU [M1]not offered on this SKU [M2]supported [M2]

The R1 page also lists an R1 EDU SKU (26–40 DoF, optional dexterous hand, 12-month warranty, contact sales) [M1]. It is not given a column here because the family table above carries R1 AIR and R1 only.

AgiBot X2 family — vendor product table

Copied from the official X2 series product specification table. X2 and X2 Ultra share envelope and arm reach; they do not share DoF, mass, sensors, or compute. This family is not the AgiBot A2 reseller field column. End-effectors (OmniHand, OmniPicker) are Ultra-only, sold separately, and never added to the payload row. AimDK documents the Ultra only and lists battery ≈421 Wh; the product table lists ≈500 Wh for both SKUs — the cell uses the product table.

Source: AgiBot X2 series product specifications [M9]. AimDK Ultra-only sheet (battery conflict only): X2 robot specifications [M10].
MetricX2X2 Ultra
Envelope & mass
Standing (H × W × L)1310 × 460 × 210 mm [M9]1310 × 460 × 210 mm [M9]
Height≈1.31 m [M9]≈1.31 m [M9]
Mass≈35 kg [M9]≈39 kg [M9]
Degrees of freedom
Total DoF25 [M9]30 [M9]
Neck0 [M9]1 [M9]
Arm (per arm)5 [M9]7 [M9]
Waist3 [M9]3 [M9]
Leg (per leg)6 [M9]6 [M9]
Arm load, reach, torque
Arm reach558 mm, excluding end-effector [M9]558 mm, excluding end-effector [M9]
Payload (specific posture)max 3 kg, excluding end-effector [M9]max 3 kg, excluding end-effector [M9]
Payload (full workspace)≤1 kg, excluding end-effector [M9]≤1 kg, excluding end-effector [M9]
Peak joint torque120 N·m [M9]120 N·m [M9]
Speed & environment
Walking speedup to 1.8 m/s; typical ≤0.8 m/s; laboratory ≤2 m/s [M9]up to 1.8 m/s; typical ≤0.8 m/s; laboratory ≤2 m/s [M9]
Operating temperature−10 to 40 °C [M9]−10 to 40 °C [M9]
Perception
3D LiDARnot equipped [M9]equipped [M9]
RGB-D cameranot equipped [M9]equipped [M9]
RGB camerainteractive RGB [M9]interactive RGB + front dual RGB + rear RGB [M9]
Head touch sensorequipped [M9]equipped [M9]
Energy
Battery capacity≈500 Wh [M9]≈500 Wh [M9]
Operating time≈2 h at 0.5 m/s walking [M9]≈2 h at 0.5 m/s walking [M9]
Power supplydirect charging; swappable battery [M9]direct charging; swappable battery; optional auto-charging dock [M9]
Charging time≤1.5 h [M9]≤1.5 h [M9]
Input voltage100–220 V [M9]100–220 V [M9]
Charger output54.6 V, 10 A [M9]54.6 V, 10 A [M9]
Compute, I/O, development
Main computeRK3588 ×2 [M9]RK3588 ×2 [M9]
High-performance boardnot equipped [M9]Orin NX (157 TOPS) [M9]
CommunicationWi-Fi, Bluetooth [M9]Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G/5G module [M9]
USB portsType-A ×1; Type-C ×1 [M9]Type-A ×2; Type-C ×2 [M9]
LAN portsRJ45 ×2 [M9]
Power output12 V / 3 A ×1; 48 V / 5 A ×1 [M9]12 V / 3 A ×1; 48 V / 5 A ×1 [M9]
Secondary developmentnot supported [M9]supported [M9]

AimDK Ultra sheet lists battery ≈421 Wh [M10]. That figure is not copied into the cells above. Audio I/O (microphone array, wireless microphone, speaker) and interactive screen are listed for both SKUs on the product page and are omitted here because they are not comparable mechanical metrics.

Fourier GR-2 — live product page

Primary numbers are from the live Fourier GR-2 product page. Height is normalized to millimetres from the vendor’s 175 cm listing. Total DoF and single-arm load come from the 2024-09-26 launch note and are press-graded. The Fourier 文档中心 “About GR-2” URL returned HTTP 404 on 2026-08-27, so envelope 1750 × 552 × 275 mm, ≈950 Wh, 39.6 V, and 436 N·m peak joint from indexed snippets of that dead page are not copied. Peak torque on the live product page is 380 N·m; those two torque figures are not collapsed.

Evidence boundary. GR1T1 and GR1T2 remain model-only entries. This sheet is GR-2 only. A URDF is not a specification.
Sources: Fourier GR-2 product page [M11]; Fourier unveils GR-2 (2024-09-26) [P1].
MetricFourier GR-2
Envelope & mass
Height1750 mm [M11]
Standing envelope (H × W × T)
Mass63 kg [M11]
Degrees of freedom
Total DoF53 [P1]
Dexterous hands12-DoF hands [M11]
Neck / arm / waist / leg split
Arm load & torque
Single-arm load3 kg [P1]
Peak joint torque380 N·m [M11]
Speed & energy
Walking speed5 km/h [M11]
Battery energy
Battery voltage
Runtime

The launch note also restates 175 cm and 63 kg; those overlapping figures stay on the product-page marker. Optional 12-DoF hands are the configuration the launch note uses for the 53-DoF total.

Same-class field — bipeds with a published sheet

Only bipeds with an adequate sheet appear. AgiBot A2 is reseller-sourced (Generation Robots) and every A2 cell carries the reseller label. AgiBot X2 / X2 Ultra and Fourier GR-2 stay in their own family tables so a reseller A2 cell is never mixed with a vendor X2 cell. LATENT is not a hardware table entry. Arm load is split into rated and peak rows rather than collapsed: Unitree publishes both for H2 but only a posture-dependent maximum for G1. Reach is split by definition — arm span (G1) and forearm + upper arm length (H2) are different measurements and never share a row. Environment rows exist only where a vendor or reseller states them; neither Unitree page publishes an operating temperature, so no temperature row is invented.

Sources: Unitree G1 [M2]; Unitree H2 [M4]; AgiBot A2 — Generation Robots (reseller datasheet) [M5].
MetricUnitree G1Unitree H2AgiBot A2
Formbiped [M2]biped [M4]biped service (reseller) [M5]
Height1320 mm [M2]1820 mm [M4]1690 mm (reseller) [M5]
Mass~35 kg [M2]~70 kg [M4]69 kg (reseller) [M5]
DoF23 (43 EDU) [M2]31 [M4]40+ (reseller) [M5]
Arm load — rated~7 kg [M4]not on the datasheet (reseller) [M5]
Arm load — peak / maximum~2 kg per arm, posture-dependent [M2]~15 kg [M4]not on the datasheet (reseller) [M5]
Named-joint torqueknee 90 N·m [M2]arm 120; leg 360 N·m [M4]peak joint 512 N·m (reseller) [M5]
Arm span~450 mm [M2]
Forearm + upper arm length690 mm [M4]
Calf + thigh length600 mm [M2]1045 mm [M4]
Turning radius600 mm (reseller) [M5]
Stated operating environmentindoor dynamic floors — marble, carpet, wood; coverage up to 100,000 m² (reseller) [M5]
Stated safety levelPLd-level protection, redundant dual control paths (reseller) [M5]
Battery energy13S 9000 mAh [M2]0.972 kWh [M4]700 Wh (reseller) [M5]
Runtime~2 h [M2]~3 h [M4]~2 h (reseller) [M5]
Compute8-core (+ Orin EDU) [M2]i5 (+ Thor EDU) [M4]
Price / status$13.5k / ¥85k [M2]$29,900 [M4]contact sales (reseller) [M5]

Galbot ET1 is a biped but has no public quantitative sheet; it appears only on the announced systems page, never in a numeric table.

Engineering models

Official Unitree robot models, linked as downloads. Formats are identified per link. Every URDF here is assembled live on the 3D models page; that page is publication evidence and adds no specification.